3D printed zirconium-niobium alloy implants

3D printed zirconium-niobium alloy implants undergo oxidation, resulting in a dense oxide film on the surface with high hardness, high wear resistance, and high bonding strength. The material combines the fracture resistance of metals with the wear resistance of ceramics. Compared to traditional machined zirconium alloys, 3D printing can introduce porous structures while obtaining a surface coating, which is beneficial for osseointegration.